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The first section covers the summarized and processed results of the survey dedicated to programming and the IT administration. The survey was conducted in the period from February 6th to March 6th, 2019, where a total of 1,135 IT professionals took part, of which 856 in the development and programming field.
The survey showed a considerable gender gap in this activity - 80.96% males vs. only 19.04% females. In terms of age, ~ 60% are at the age of 25-34, and the majority of them hold a Bachelor's degree. An interesting fact is that the number of professionals with only secondary education (9.46%) is roughly the same as the number of professionals with a Master’s degree (10.75%). On the subject of education, 42.14% of the developers own a specific Certificate of knowledge, and 32.04% are actively looking at options for certification.
The majority of the respondents declare themselves as full-stack developers (38.82%), followed by back-end developers/developers (18.47%).
By job position, the highest earnings fall off to the Data Scientists with an average monthly income of 85.422 denars, followed closely by Mobile Apps Developers with an average of 83.326 denars, and DevOps specialists with 81.036.
When it comes to experience, 64% of developers are Middle and Senior (32.71% Middle, 31.31% Senior), 22.31% are Junior developers, while the most experienced developers that hold a Lead job position represent only 8.18% of all developers. The income correlates with experience, so interns take an average of 9.093 denars, Junior developers 29.552 denars, Middle developers 52.977 denars, Senior developers 90.013 denars, and Leads 120.651 den.
JavaScript is the most widely used technology for IT professionals in the country, with Java and C# in the second and third positions. The top five include HTML + CSS and .NET.
In terms of average income per technology, Java developers have the highest monthly average net income of 70.919 denars. With only 2 denars less, C# developers have the second highest monthly average net income of 70.910 denars, followed by .NET with 69.242 denars, SQL with 67.978 denars, PHP with 67.249 denars, JavaScript with 66.837 denars, and TypeScript with 65.958 denars. The developers who primarily code HTML+CSS earn an average of 61.436 denars per month and the developers with knowledge of Bash/Shell 59.612 denars.
The chart below shows the average income according to the primary technology and experience (junior, middle, senior, lead) for some of the most used technologies among the Macedonian developers.
Regarding databases, MySQL with 32.33%, SQL Server with 30.24% and PostgreSQL with 11.60% are the most popular databases among Macedonian programmers and developers, commonly used for a variety of projects. The survey shows that Windows is the primary operating system used by 65.2% of the developers, followed by Mac used by 15.5% of the developers, and Linux used by 15.8% of the developers. Only 2.8% of the developers use the Dual Boot option.
When asked about the frameworks that they primarily use in their work, developers listed numerous different tools (see Others) which made grouping difficult. However, if we focus on the total number of single item responses, we can see that .NET Core with 14.07%, Angular with 12.1%, Spring 11.98%, BootStrap with 8.27%, and ASP with 8.15% are the most used frameworks among Macedonian developers.
The number of developers that work in domestic IT companies (39.10%) is almost the same аs the number of developers that work for a foreign company with an office in Macedonia - (38.78%). The percentage of developers that work remotely for a foreign company is 9.96%, freelance 8.81%, and the percentage of developers that work remotely for a domestic company is only 3.35%. Regarding the structure of the companies, 44.75% work in companies with 11-100 employees, 29.79% in teams with less than ten employees, and 18.46% in companies with 101-500 employees.
As expected, there is a significant difference in the salary depending on the type of employer - foreign or domestic. The following graph shows the wages according to experience and type of employer.
Most of the developers in the country would like to advance their knowledge in Python, a trend that corresponds with the world trends (source: StackOverflow Survey 2019). Other than Python, JavaScript, TypeScript, Go, Java, and PHP are also among the programming languages that Macedonian developers would like to learn.
During the recruitment process, developers are mostly bothered by the lack of information about a certain position, and the long and slow interviewing process. The number one factor they consider when choosing an employer is not the salary, but the possibility to learn, grow, develop and improve their skills. In the workplace, developers are mostly affected by the poor internal organization, and they express their dissatisfaction primarily in direct conversation with superiors. Most developers look for information about job offers on social media.
Self-directed learning and free tutorials (36.21%), as well as higher formal education (32.01%), are the primary sources of knowledge for the Macedonian developers.
The next section covers the summarized and processed results of the survey dedicated to designers conducted between 6 February and 6 March 2019, in which 157 IT professionals from this field took part.
Similar to the developers, the male gender is dominant in this IT branch too, although not so expressively - 72.61% males vs. 27.39% females. Regarding the age, 56.69% are at the age of 25-34, while most of the designers hold a Bachelor’s degree. The number of designers who have a Master’s degree is also small (12.1%). Certificates are popular - the majority (52.56%) of designers have some certificate, and 24.36% are actively looking at options for certification.
Graphic designers represent 55.41% of the respondents, followed by UX designers with 12.1% and Web designers with 9.55% . Motion Graphics designers have the highest average income of 86.400 denars , followed by UX designers with 76.969 denars .
When it comes to experience, most of the designers declare themselves as Senior - 43.31% and Middle - 29.94%, followed by Junior with 11.46% and Lead with 10.83%. What is interesting is that the average monthly income of Juniors and Middle-level designers is almost the same - 30.289 denars versus 31.633 denars. Senior designers have a higher average monthly income - 50.706 denars, and as expected, Lead designers have the highest average monthly income of 70.668 denars.
Most Macedonian designers use Adobe programs, with Adobe Illustrator as the winner. Photoshop, InDesign, Adobe XD, and Sketch are also among the top 5 most used tools.
Designers who work with Sketch, the vector program for Mac, are the highest-paid designers in the industry, with an average net monthly income of 127.666 denars. The second highest-paid designers are those who primarily use Adobe XD, intended for UX/UI, with an average net monthly income of 69.428 denars. Designers who use After Effects have an average income of 56.000 denars, followed by designers who use Photoshop with 42.112 denars, and designers who use Figma with 39.800 denars. Designers who work in Illustrator, the most-used tool according to this survey, are amongst the least paid designers with average earnings of 34.580 denars.
For most designers, pen and paper is the first step in the design process (45.75%), followed by Illustrator (20.26%), and Photoshop (12.42%).
In terms of the operating system, 79.62% of designers use Windows, and only 17.2% use Mac. Almost no designers use Linux and Dual-boot.
Most designers - 43.92%, work in domestic companies, while 31.22% work freelance. Designers prefer small teams, so 65.61% of them work in teams with less than 10 people.
As expected, there is a difference in the salary, depending on the type of employer. The following graph shows the wages according to experience and type of employer.
The most prominent problem designers face in the recruitment phase is the lack of transparency in the factors that determine the salary. Key components that influence the designers' employment decisions are monthly income, the opportunity for learning and development, as well as the right balance between work and private life. In the workplace, designers are highly affected by bad internal organization, and they express dissatisfaction through discussion with their superiors. They look for job opportunities mostly on Social Media (30.57%).
A little over half of the designers (50.96%) list self-initiated learning and free tutorials as the primary sources of knowledge. The secondary source of knowledge is training in local specialized centers.
The last section of the survey covers the summarized and processed results of the survey dedicated to digital marketing professionals. The survey was conducted in the period from February 6th to March 6th, 2019, where a total of 1,135 IT professionals took part, of which 117 in the digital marketing field.
Compared to the developers and the designers, this IT field is dominated by women (55.56%). The majority of respondents (64.96%) are in the 25-34 years demographic. Most of them hold a Bachelor’s degree, and there are a lot with Master’s degrees too (30.77%). Marketers also pay considerable attention to additional education - 68.97% of them have certificates.
The majority of the respondents declare themselves as Digital Marketing Managers (31.62%). That number is followed by Social Media Managers, SEO specialists, E-Marketing Specialists and Content Writers, with about 10% of the replies.
In terms of the job position, Growth Hackers have the highest earnings, with an average monthly income of 119.333 denars. Digital marketers who work with Lead generation and Social Media Managers have the lowest income, 21.500 denars and 22.641 denars respectively.
When it comes to experience, most people in digital marketing declare themselves as Senior - 37.84% and Middle - 30.63%. The average monthly income for Junior digital marketers is 25.222 denars. Middle digital marketers earn an average of 39.402 denars, while Senior digital marketers earn an average of 56.691 denars. Lead digital marketers have approximately the same income as Senior-level digital marketers.
As expected, Windows is the primary OS among digital marketers - used by a considerable majority of 85.34%. Mac is used by 10.34% and Linux by 3.45%.
Most of the marketers work in domestic IT companies (44.96%). The percentage of marketers working for a foreign company with an office in Macedonia is 27.91%, while 13.95% are freelancers. Generally digital marketers work in teams of 1 to 100 (90.58%).
As expected, there is a significant difference in the salary depending on the type of employer - foreign or domestic. The following graph shows the wages according to experience and type of employer.
During the recruitment process, most digital marketers are dissatisfied with the lack of transparency in the factors that determine the salary, as well as the job position. The number one factor when choosing employment is the salary, but marketers also care about having learning opportunities and possibilities for growth at their job. Their biggest obstacle at the workplace is poor internal organization, and they express their dissatisfaction primarily in direct conversation with superiors. Most marketers look for information about job offers on social media (33.33%).
Self-directed learning and free tutorials (39.31%) are the primary sources of knowledge among marketers. Trainings in local specialized centres come second (17.09%). Only 15.38% of the respondents consider graduate and postgraduate studies to be a relevant source of knowledge in the field.
This research is based on four surveys in which 1.135 respondents - IT professionals from the country took part. All answers were anonymous. For this final report, 1.130 responses qualified as valid.
The survey was initially divided into 4 areas:
* After the first week, it was stated that System Administrators would also be covered in the Programming and Development survey.
All the answers from the "Other IT Industries" survey were regrouped, and 5 responses that could not be grouped in the top three were not taken into account. The survey was fielded from 6 February to 6 March 2019, and it was promoted through IT.mk and its social networking profiles (including paid Facebook promotion). Calls for participation were also shared in the e-mail newsletters of MASIT and AmCham.
The report clearly states which issues allowed more answers to be included. Any calculation of average monthly net incomes does not take into account invalid values and values assessed as invalid, income of the position Intern or income of people working abroad. For the calculation of average net incomes according to the type of employer, the responses where the interviewee has selected several employers were not taken into account. The value display 0 in the graphs indicates that there is not enough data for that value.
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